Many folk etymologies account for how the Yoeme came to be known as the "Yaqui". They may also describe themselves as Hiaki Nation or Pascua Hiaki, meaning "The Easter People", as most had converted to Catholicism under Jesuit influence in colonial Mexico. The Yaqui call their homeland Hiakim, from which some say the name "Yaqui" is derived. The Yaqui call themselves Hiaki or Yoeme, the Yaqui word for person ( yoemem or yo'emem meaning "people"). About 15,000 Yaqui speakers live in Mexico and 1,000 in the US, mostly Arizona. Most of the Cahitan languages are extinct only the Yaqui and Mayo still speak their language. Yaqui speak a Cahitan language, a group of about 10 mutually-intelligible languages formerly spoken in much of the states of Sonora and Sinaloa. The Yaqui language belongs to the Uto-Aztecan language family. More than 13,000 Yaqui are citizens of the Pascua Yaqui Tribe, a federally recognized tribe based in Tucson, Arizona.Ī map showing the approximate locations of Yaqui people A Yaqui neighborhood, Penjamo, is located in South Scottsdale, Arizona. In Guadalupe, Arizona, established in 1904 and incorporated in 1975, more than 44 percent of the population is Native American, and many are trilingual in Yaqui, English and Spanish. Many older people speak the Yaqui language fluently, and a growing number of youth are learning the Yaqui language in addition to English and Spanish. This community has a population (estimated in 2006) of about 4,000 most of the middle-aged population of New Pascua speaks English, Spanish, and a moderate amount of Yaqui. In the late 1960s, several Yaqui in Arizona, among them Anselmo Valencia Tori and Fernando Escalante, started developing of a tract of land about 8 km to the west of the Yaqui community of Hu'upa, calling it New Pascua (in Spanish, Pascua Nuevo). In the city of Hermosillo, colonies such as El Coloso, La Matanza, and Sarmiento are known as Yaqui districts Yaqui residents there continue Yaqui cultural practices and language. Others formed neighborhoods ( colonias or colonies) in various cities. Many Yaqui in Mexico live on reserved land in the state of Sonora.
3.3 1920s–1930s: Cárdenas and Yaqui independence.3.2 1820s–1920s: Yaqui Wars and enslavement.3.1 1530s–1820s: Conquistadors and missionaries.
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